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| children = 3 (2 adopted) | website = }} Tom Cruise (born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV; July 3, 1962) is an American actor and filmmaker. Cruise has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards. He started his career at age 19 in the 1981 film ''Endless Love''. After portraying supporting roles in ''Taps'' (1981) and ''The Outsiders'' (1983), his first leading role was in the romantic comedy ''Risky Business'', released in August 1983. Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete "Maverick" Mitchell in the action drama ''Top Gun'' (1986). Since 1996, he has been well known for his role as secret agent Ethan Hunt in the ''Mission: Impossible'' film series, whose most recent film, ''Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation'', was released in 2015. One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood, Cruise starred in several more successful films in the 1980s, including the dramas ''The Color of Money'' (1986), ''Cocktail'' (1988), ''Rain Man'' (1988), and ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989). In the 1990s, he starred in a number of hit films, including the romance ''Far and Away'' (1992), the drama ''A Few Good Men'' (1992), the legal thriller ''The Firm'' (1993), the romantic horror film ''Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles'' (1994), the romantic comedy-drama sports film ''Jerry Maguire'' (1996), the erotic thriller ''Eyes Wide Shut'', and the drama ''Magnolia'' (both 1999). In the 2000s, Cruise starred in a number of successful films, including the science fiction thrillers ''Vanilla Sky'' (2001) and ''Minority Report'' (2002), the epic war film ''The Last Samurai'' (2003), the crime film ''Collateral'' (2004), the science fiction disaster thriller film ''War of the Worlds'' (2005), the war drama ''Lions for Lambs'' (2007), the historical thriller ''Valkyrie'' (2008), the action comedy ''Knight and Day'' (2010), the thriller ''Jack Reacher'' (2012), the post-apocalyptic science fiction film ''Oblivion'' (2013), and the military science fiction film ''Edge of Tomorrow'' (2014). In 2012, Cruise was Hollywood's highest-paid actor. Sixteen of his films grossed over $100 million domestically; twenty-two have grossed in excess of $200 million worldwide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=tomcruise.htm )〕 He has won Golden Globe Awards for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Drama in 1990 for ''Born on the Fourth of July''; Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Comedy/Musical in 1997 for ''Jerry Maguire''; and Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture in 2000 for ''Magnolia''. In 2002, Cruise won the Saturn Award for Best Actor for ''Vanilla Sky''. In 2003, he won an AFI Movie of the Year Award for ''The Last Samurai'' and an Empire Award for Best Actor for ''Minority Report''. Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs, and credits it with helping him overcome dyslexia. His criticisms of psychiatry and anti-depressant drugs, particularly therapy for 9/11 rescue workers, and efforts to promote Scientology as a religion in Europe sparked controversies, as did a leaked video interview of him promoting Scientology. ==Early life== Cruise was born as Thomas Cruise Mapother IV in Syracuse, New York, the son of Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer), a special education teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III (1934–84), an electrical engineer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tom Cruise Biography )〕 Cruise has three sisters, Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass. Cruise's surname originates from his great-grandfather, born Thomas Cruise O'Mara, Jr., who was renamed "Thomas Cruise Mapother".〔Stated on ''Inside the Actors Studio'' interview with Cruise, January 11, 2004; can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xYsFLyTsDU〕 Cruise is of Irish, German, and English ancestry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ancestry of Tom Cruise )〕 One of his paternal great-great-great-grandfathers, Patrick Russell Cruise, was born in north County Dublin, in 1799; he married Teresa Johnson in Warrenstown House, County Meath, in 1825. They left Ireland for America that same year and settled in New York.〔 Patrick and Teresa had a daughter, Mary Paulina Russell Cruise, whose son Thomas O’Mara jr. was Tom's great-grandfather through his direct paternal line.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The life and times of Mary Pauline Russell Cruise - Eneclann )〕 Cruise grew up in near poverty, and had a Catholic upbringing. The family was dominated by his abusive father, whom Cruise has described as "a merchant of chaos." He was beaten by his father, who Cruise has said was a bully and coward. Cruise's family spent part of his childhood in Canada. They moved to the Ottawa suburb of Beacon Hill in late 1971 so that Cruise's father could take a position as a defense consultant with the Canadian Armed Forces.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography )〕 There, Cruise attended the just opened Robert Hopkins Public School for much of grade four as well as grade five.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Robert Hopkins School Profile )〕 In grade four, Cruise first became involved in drama, under the tutelage of George Steinburg. Cruise and six other boys put on an improvised play to music called ''IT'' at the Carleton Elementary School drama festival.〔 Drama organizer Val Wright, who was in the audience that night, reflected that "the movement and improvisation were excellent. It was a classic ensemble piece."〔 Cruise also enjoyed sports at the school including playing floor hockey, though he was known more for his aggression than his talent. In sixth grade, Cruise went to Henry Munro Middle School. However, in the spring of that year Cruise's mother left his father, taking Cruise and his sisters back to the United States.〔 His father died of cancer.〔("Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes: Very Different Upbringings" ). ''ABC''. July 10, 2012.〕 He briefly attended a Franciscan seminary in Cincinnati on a church scholarship and aspired to become a Catholic priest.〔Cf. ''Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography'', (pp.24-26 ).〕 In his senior year, he played football for the varsity team as a linebacker, but he was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game.〔Cf. ''Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography'', page 47〕〔(Tom Cruise Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story ). Biography.com. Retrieved on 2012-06-13.〕 In total, Cruise attended 15 schools in 14 years, including stints in at least two suburban New Jersey towns, including Glen Ridge.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.famousnewjerseyans.com/entertainers.htm )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tom Cruise」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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